MOSAICS OF ROME |
From Santa Maria Maggiore to Santa Maria in Trastevere Perhaps not everyone knows that in Rome there are some extremely important wall mosaics which, today still, tell ancient stories and illustrate theological concepts which at times are difficult to interpretate. These fascinating “paintings” made almost exclusively of glass pieces, in a wide range of colours and shadings, applied on layers of mortar, were created in various places of worship, some of which can be visited by following this itinerary.
On Via Urbana is the Church of Santa Pudenziana, an ancient 2nd-century thermal building turned into a church and redecorated starting in the late 4th century. At the end of the nave it is possible to see the apse mosaic, probably done during the papacy of Innocent I (401-417). It is the oldest apse mosaic which has come down to us in a Christian church, and is a fundamental example of the art of the early centuries since the mosaics that decorated the early Christian basilicas of St. John Lateran and St. Peter’s have been lost. The mosaic of Santa Pudenziana depicts Christ enthroned among the apostles and two female figures, generally interpreted as the Church of the Jews and the Church of the Gentiles. In the background there is an exedra: it is the monumental courtyard of Jerusalem which enclosed Mt. Golgotha, which can be seen behind Christ, topped by a jewelled cross.
For one square metre of mosaic, approximately 10,000 tesserae were needed, all hand-set using the thumb. It may thus be hypothesised that, to create a large mosaic, the work of an entire shop of artisans specialised in the trade was needed and, in a city such as Rome, there must have been numerous such shops, considering the growing demand for mosaic work.
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